589 research outputs found
Die digitale Transformation in österreichischen Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, einen besseren Einblick in diese VerĂ€nderungsdynamik und die betrieblichen Transformationsprozesse zu bekommen und anhand von explorativen empirischen Methoden den digitalen Wandel der industriellen Wertschöpfung in Ăsterreich "praxisnah" nachzuzeichnen. Dabei soll Digitalisierung nicht "anonym im Raum stehen bleiben", sondern versucht werden, diesen Wandel und das Potenzial von neuen Technologien und der Digitalisierung von Produkten und Prozessen anschaulich zu machen. Im Kern steht weiterhin die Frage, inwieweit sich diese interne und externe digitale Transformation auf die Wettbewerbsstrukturen der Unternehmen und ihrer Kooperationspartner auswirkt
Evaluation of KMU.DIGITAL Module Consulting (WKĂ) and Module Implementation (AWS). Synthesis Report
Die vorliegende Analyse betrifft die Evaluierung des Förderungsprogramms KMU.DIGITAL mit den beiden Modulen Beratung und Umsetzung seit dem Programm-Relaunch KMU.DIGITAL 2.0 (September 2019 bis Dezember 2022). Das Evaluierungsziel liegt in der Beurteilung des Programms hinsichtlich Wirkung und Reichweite sowie evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen fĂŒr die FortfĂŒhrung und kĂŒnftige Ausgestaltung des Programms. Der Evaluierungszeitraum erstreckte sich von JĂ€nner bis Juli 2023
Evaluierung des Förderungsprogramms KMU.DIGITAL Modul Beratung (WKĂ) und Modul Umsetzung (AWS). Synthesebericht.
Die vorliegende Analyse betrifft die Evaluierung des Förderungsprogramms KMU.DIGITAL mit den beiden Modulen Beratung und Umsetzung seit dem Programm-Relaunch KMU.DIGITAL 2.0 (September 2019 bis Dezember 2022). Das Evaluierungsziel liegt in der Beurteilung des Programms hinsichtlich Wirkung und Reichweite sowie evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen fĂŒr die FortfĂŒhrung und kĂŒnftige Ausgestaltung des Programms. Der Evaluierungszeitraum erstreckte sich von JĂ€nner bis Juli 2023
Austrian Research and Technology Report 2022
Der Forschungs-und Technologiebericht 2022 gibt einen Ăberblick ĂŒber die aus Bundesmitteln geförderte Forschung, Technologie und Innovation (FTI) in Ăsterreich. Neben der Darstellung aktueller forschungspolitischer Entwicklungen, die den Stand der Umsetzung der mit Ende 2020 verabschiedeten FTI-Strategie 2030, forschungsrelevante Teilstrategien und neueste Entwicklungen im Hochschulbereich behandelt, werden auf Grundlage rezenter Daten aus diversen internationalen Rankings, aus der F&E (Forschung & Entwicklung)-Erhebung 2019 und der GlobalschĂ€tzung 2022 Analysen zur nationalen und internationalen FTI-Performance Ăsterreichs erstellt
Catching Element Formation In The Act
Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address
some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses
a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars,
stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays
and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV
gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly
measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation.
The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see
deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray
energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique
information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at
gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray
instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky
coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This
transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the
gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other
wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps
of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are
distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of
scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in
technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide
set of astrophysical questions.Comment: 14 pages including 3 figure
Biochemical Discrimination between Selenium and Sulfur 1: A Single Residue Provides Selenium Specificity to Human Selenocysteine Lyase
Selenium and sulfur are two closely related basic elements utilized in nature for a vast array of biochemical reactions. While toxic at higher concentrations, selenium is an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the selenium analogue of cysteine (Cys). Sec lyases (SCLs) and Cys desulfurases (CDs) catalyze the removal of selenium or sulfur from Sec or Cys and generally act on both substrates. In contrast, human SCL (hSCL) is specific for Sec although the only difference between Sec and Cys is the identity of a single atom. The chemical basis of this selenium-over-sulfur discrimination is not understood. Here we describe the X-ray crystal structure of hSCL and identify Asp146 as the key residue that provides the Sec specificity. A D146K variant resulted in loss of Sec specificity and appearance of CD activity. A dynamic active site segment also provides the structural prerequisites for direct product delivery of selenide produced by Sec cleavage, thus avoiding release of reactive selenide species into the cell. We thus here define a molecular determinant for enzymatic specificity discrimination between a single selenium versus sulfur atom, elements with very similar chemical properties. Our findings thus provide molecular insights into a key level of control in human selenium and selenoprotein turnover and metabolism
The cross-sectional GRAS sample: A comprehensive phenotypical data collection of schizophrenic patients
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Schizophrenia is the collective term for an exclusively clinically diagnosed, heterogeneous group of mental disorders with still obscure biological roots. Based on the assumption that valuable information about relevant genetic and environmental disease mechanisms can be obtained by association studies on patient cohorts of ℠1000 patients, if performed on detailed clinical datasets and quantifiable biological readouts, we generated a new schizophrenia data base, the GRAS (Göttingen Research Association for Schizophrenia) data collection. GRAS is the necessary ground to study genetic causes of the schizophrenic phenotype in a 'phenotype-based genetic association study' (PGAS). This approach is different from and complementary to the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on schizophrenia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>For this purpose, 1085 patients were recruited between 2005 and 2010 by an invariable team of traveling investigators in a cross-sectional field study that comprised 23 German psychiatric hospitals. Additionally, chart records and discharge letters of all patients were collected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The corresponding dataset extracted and presented in form of an overview here, comprises biographic information, disease history, medication including side effects, and results of comprehensive cross-sectional psychopathological, neuropsychological, and neurological examinations. With >3000 data points per schizophrenic subject, this data base of living patients, who are also accessible for follow-up studies, provides a wide-ranging and standardized phenotype characterization of as yet unprecedented detail.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The GRAS data base will serve as prerequisite for PGAS, a novel approach to better understanding 'the schizophrenias' through exploring the contribution of genetic variation to the schizophrenic phenotypes.</p
Neuroimaging in anxiety disorders
Neuroimaging studies have gained increasing importance in validating neurobiological network hypotheses for anxiety disorders. Functional imaging procedures and radioligand binding studies in healthy subjects and in patients with anxiety disorders provide growing evidence of the existence of a complex anxiety network, including limbic, brainstem, temporal, and prefrontal cortical regions. Obviously, ânormal anxietyâ does not equal âpathological anxietyâ although many phenomena are evident in healthy subjects, however to a lower extent. Differential effects of distinct brain regions and lateralization phenomena in different anxiety disorders are mentioned. An overview of neuroimaging investigations in anxiety disorders is given after a brief summary of results from healthy volunteers. Concluding implications for future research are made by the authors
Integrating sequence and array data to create an improved 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel
A major use of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data is genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we develop a method to estimate haplotypes from low-coverage sequencing data that can take advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray genotypes on the same samples. First the SNP array data are phased to build a backbone (or 'scaffold') of haplotypes across each chromosome. We then phase the sequence data 'onto' this haplotype scaffold. This approach can take advantage of relatedness between sequenced and non-sequenced samples to improve accuracy. We use this method to create a new 1000GP haplotype reference set for use by the human genetic community. Using a set of validation genotypes at SNP and bi-allelic indels we show that these haplotypes have lower genotype discordance and improved imputation performance into downstream GWAS samples, especially at low-frequency variants. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
Measurement of the W-boson mass in pp collisions at âs=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
A measurement of the mass of the W boson is presented based on protonâproton collision data recorded in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, and corresponding to 4.6 fbâ1 of integrated luminosity. The selected data sample consists of 7.8Ă106 candidates in the WâΌΜ channel and 5.9Ă106 candidates in the WâeÎœ channel. The W-boson mass is obtained from template fits to the reconstructed distributions of the charged lepton transverse momentum and of the W boson transverse mass in the electron and muon decay channels, yielding
mW=80370±7 (stat.)±11(exp. syst.)
±14(mod. syst.) MeV
=80370±19MeV,
where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second corresponds to the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third to the physics-modelling systematic uncertainty. A measurement of the mass difference between the W+ and Wâbosons yields mW+âmWâ=â29±28 MeV
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